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原帖由 元光 于 2009-4-19 08:55 AM 发表
传统日本刀制作过程是有回火这一步的。
现代科技远比古代先进,但问题是国内那些做“日本刀”的人,有谁能用上现代化的设备和工艺,又有谁继承了日本摸索了1000年的经验?
金相分析得出的结果是传统日本刀刀刃区部分为从态马氏体。刀身为珠光体。如果经过回火,刀刃组织则为回火马氏体。
“Traditional Japanese swords ("nihon-to") are made from a traditional source of powdered iron known as tamahagane and are subjected to traditional heat treating and water quenching. Nihon-to are generally not tempered for stress-relief. The Japanese sword is not only a balance between performance and aesthetics, it is a symbol around which the Japanese spirit, culture and society have revolved and developed for the past two millenia.”
摘自sword forum杂质---spotlight Howard clark。
Forging and construction
Main article: Katana construction
The authentic Japanese sword is made from a specialized Japanese steel called "Tamahagane"[4]. The katana gets its gentle curve from quenching during forging, as it is straight prior to quenching. A process of differential tempering causes martensite to form predominantly in the edge of the blade rather than the back; as the spine has lower retained lattice strain, it cools and contracts, and the blade takes on a gently curved shape.[5]
A coating of clay mixed with ashes and a small portion of rust is applied to every surface but the edge of the blade during hardening. This provides heat insulation so that only the blade's edge will be hardened with quenching.
The hardening of steel involves altering the molecular structure of that material through quenching it from a heat above 1472 Fahrenheit (800 Celsius) (bright red glow), ideally no higher than yellow hot. If cooled slowly, the material will break back down into iron and carbon and the molecular structure will return to its previous state. However, if cooled quickly, the steel's molecular structure is permanently altered. The reason for the formation of the curve in a properly hardened Japanese blade is that iron carbide, formed during heating and retained through quenching, has a lesser density than its root materials have separately.
After the blade is forged it is then sent to be polished. The polish takes between one and three weeks. The polisher uses finer and finer grains of polishing stones until the blade is like glass. This makes the blade extremely sharp and reduces drag making it easier to cut with.
摘自http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katana,“After the blade is forged it is then sent to be polished.”锻-淬-打磨。没有回火。传统亚洲和日本的冶金及锻造工艺史上用到回火工艺的很少,总之我是没找到史料记载或是经过金相分析的回火马氏体报告。倒是在冶金业相对落后的中世纪欧洲,正式因为材料落后,欧洲匠人被迫在热处理上想办法。非常精确的回火工艺被大量的应用在弗罗伦萨,saxony等地的盔甲和刀剑制造业上。在当时的日本回火工艺是个空白。 |
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